Prince Worm

PESAWAT JET TERMODERN

20.04 |

The Lockheed Martin/Boeing F-22 Raptor is a single-seat, twin-engine fifth-generation supermaneuverable fighter aircraft tthat uses stealth technology. It was designed primarily as an air superiority fighter, but has additional capabilities that include ground attack, electronic warfare, and signals intelligence roles. Lockheed Martin Aeronautics is the prime contractor and is responsible for the majority of the airframe, weapon systems and final assembly of the F-22. Program partner Boeing Defense, Space & Security provides the wings, aft fuselage, avionics integration, and training systems.

The aircraft was variously designated F-22 and F/A-22 during the years prior to formally entering USAF service in December 2005 as the F-22A. Despite a protracted and costly development period, the United States Air Force considers the F-22 a critical component of U.S. tactical air power, and claims that the aircraft is unmatched by any known or projected fighter, while Lockheed Martin claims that the Raptor's combination of stealth, speed, agility, precision and situational awareness, combined with air-to-air and air-to-ground combat capabilities, makes it the best overall fighter in the world today. Air Chief Marshal Angus Houston, former Chief of the Australian Defence Force, said in 2004 that the "F-22 will be the most outstanding fighter plane ever built.

The high cost of the aircraft, a lack of clear air-to-air combat missions because of delays in the Russian and Chinese fifth-generation fighter programs, a U.S. ban on Raptor exports, and the ongoing development of the planned cheaper and more versatile F-35 resulted in calls to end F-22 production. In April 2009, the US Department of Defense proposed to cease placing new orders, subject to Congressional approval, for a final procurement tally of 187 operational aircraft. TheNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 lacked funding for further F-22 production. The final F-22 rolled off the assembly line on 13 December 2011 during a ceremony at Dobbins Air Reserve Base.

Since 2010 the F-22 has been plagued by unresolved problems with its pilot oxygen systems which contributed to one crash and death of a pilot. The fleet was grounded for four months in 2011. The Raptor fleet has resumed flight operations, although problems with the oxygen systems have continued to be reported. On 24 July 2012, the United States Air Force announced that the hypoxia like symptoms were being caused by faulty valve in the pilots' pressure vest that caused it to inflate and remain inflated, triggering breathing problems. The Air Force is replacing the valve and increasing the volume of air flowing to the pilots by removing a filter that was installed to check for contaminants in the system.

The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is a family of single-seat, single-engine, fifth generation multirole fighters under development to perform ground attack, reconnaissance, and air defense missions with stealth capability. The F-35 has three main models; the F-35A is a conventional takeoff and landing variant, the F-35B is a short take off and vertical-landing variant, and the F-35C is a carrier-based variant.

The F-35 is descended from the X-35, the product of the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program. JSF development is being principally funded by the United States, with the United Kingdom and other partner governments providing additional funding. The partner nations are either NATO members or close U.S. allies. It is being designed and built by an aerospace industry team led by Lockheed Martin. The F-35 carried out its first flight on 15 December 2006.

The United States plans to buy a total of 2,443 aircraft to provide the bulk of its tactical airpower for the U.S. Air Force, Marine Corps and Navy over the coming decades. The United Kingdom, Italy, Netherlands, Australia, Canada, Norway,Denmark, Turkey, Israel and Japan are part of the development program and may equip their air services with the F-35.

The McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle is a twin-engine, all-weather tactical fighter designed by McDonnell Douglas to gain and maintain air superiority in aerial combat. It is considered among the most successful modern fighters, with over 100 aerial combat victories with no losses in dogfights. Following reviews of proposals, the United States Air Force selected McDonnell Douglas' design in 1967 to meet the service's need for a dedicated air superiority fighter. The Eagle first flew in July 1972, and entered service in 1976.

Since the 1970s, the Eagle has also been exported to Israel, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. Despite originally being envisioned as a pure air superiority aircraft, the design proved flexible enough that an all-weather strike derivative, the F-15E Strike Eagle, was later developed, and entered service in 1989. The F-15 Eagle is expected to be in service with the U.S. Air Force past 2025.

The Sukhoi Su-35 (Russian: Сухой Су-35, NATO reporting name: Flanker-E) is a single-seat, twin-engined superm aneuverable multirole fighter. It is a derivative of the Su-27 'Flanker', and was initially known as the Su-27M. More than a dozen of these were built with some used by the Russian Knights aerobatic demonstration team. The Su-35 had been offered to many countries, including India, Brazil and South Korea.

In the 1980s, Sukhoi was looking to upgrade its high-performance Su-27. The resultant Su-35 embodies aerodynamic refinements to give it more manoeuvrability, greatly enhanced avionics, longer range, and a more powerful engine. The first prototype, converted from a production Su-27, made its maiden flight in June 1988. The Su-35 was further developed into the Su-37, which has thrust-vectoring capabilities, and the Su-35BM, classified as 4++ generation fighter by its manufacturer. The new model entered into serial production as the Su-35S for the Russian Air Force in 2010.

The Mikoyan MiG-35 (Russian: Микоян МиГ-35, NATO reporting name: Fulcrum-F) is a further development of the MiG-29M/M2 and MiG-29K/KUB technology. It is classified as a 4++ generation jet fighter by Mikoyan. The first prototype was a modification of the aircraft that previously served as MiG-29M2 model demonstrator. 10 prototypes have been built so far and are currently subject to extensive field trials. The MiG-35 is now classed as a medium-weight aircraft because its maximum take-off weight has increased by 30 percent, exceeding its previous criteria of classification.

MiG Corporation first officially presented the MiG-35 internationally during the Aero India 2007 air show. The MiG-35 was officially unveiled when the Russian Minister of Defence, Sergey Ivanov, visited Lukhovitsky Machine Building Plant "MAPO-MIG". The single seat version is designated MiG-35 and the two-seat version is MiG-35D. The fighter has vastly improved avionics and weapon systems, notably the new AESA radar and the uniquely designed Optical Locator System (OLS), relieves the aircraft from relying on ground-controlled interception (GCI) systems and enables it to conduct independent multi-role missions.

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PABRIK PABRIK PESAWAT DIDUNIA

19.58 |

Pabrik Pesawat Terbang Terbesar Di Dunia

Pabrik Pesawat Terbang Boeing di Everett, Washington, Pinggiran Seattle, AS merupakan fasilitas pembuatan pesawat terbang terbesar di dunia. Jauh lebih besar ketimbang pabrik Airbus di Toulouse, Prancis. Pabrik yang berdiri Juni 1968 ini telah tercatat The Guinness World Records sebagai pabrik pesawat terbang terbesar di dunia dari sisi volume, yakni 472 juta kaki kubik atau 13,3 juta meter kubik. Tinggi atapnya 114 kaki (35 meter), sedangkan crane (derek pengangkat di pabrik) terpasang di ketinggian 90 kaki (28 meter).Ukuran semula pada tahun 1968 hanya 98,3 acre (39,8 hektare), pabrik Boeing terus diperluas sampai beberapa kali hingga mencapai 1.025 acre (415 hektar) pada 1993 dalam rangka pembuatan 777.

Historic everett Factory on 1968

Saat ini pabrik tersebut lebih banyak diperuntukkan sebagai tempat pembuatan pesawat-pesawat Boeing 747, 767, 777, dan 787 (Dreamliner). Pabrik Boeing memiliki tidak kurang dari 25 ribu orang. Di Washington State, Boeing memiliki 72 ribu karyawan. Total karyawan perusahaan itu lebih dari 150 ribu.

Pabrik ini juga melayani company visit bagi publik yang ingin berkunjung. Dari satu building Future of Flight, pengunjung dapat melihat bagaimana proses produksi sebuah pesawat terbang.

Pengunjung tiba the Boeing factory in Everett, Wash.dimana mereka akan melihat 777s yang sedang dirakit.

Pengunjung membeli tiket ke Future of Flight.

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19.54 |

Pulau-pulau Terunik di Dunia

Tristan da Cunha: Pulau Paling Terisolir di Dunia

Pulau yang berada di selatan Samudra Atlantik, 2.816 km dari Afrika Selatan dan 3.360 km dari Amerika Selatan. ini amat sangat terisolir dari dunia luar. Dikeliling oleh pegunungan dan laut membuat akses ke pulau ini sangat sulit. Belum lagi karakter alam yang sulit, seperti angin yang keras. Pulau yang berada dalam kedaulatan Saint Helena, Inggris , hanya memiliki penduduk 270 orang.
Pulau ini ditemukan oleh pelaut Portugis Ilha de Tristão da Cunha tahun 1506, karenanya diberi nama sesuai dengan nama pelaut itu. Begitu terisolasinya pulau ini, sampai sampai satu satunya alat transportasi untuk mencapai pulau ini adalah perahu karena tidak ada landasan pesawat di sana. Yang juga menjadi masalah adalah adanya penyakit genetic yang diduga terjadi karena perkimpoian antar-saudara. Hal ini karena dilarangnya pendatang tinggal di sini.

Gunkanjima: Kota Hantu di Tengah Laut

Pada awal 1900-an, Gunkanjima merupakan pulau yang makmur karena kekayaan batu baranya. Mitsubishi Corporation yang mengelola penambangan batu bara di sini, benar-benar membuat Gunkanjima menjadi kota yang kaya dan padat penduduk, padahal luas pulau ini kurang dari 1 km2.
Untuk mengakomodasi para penambang, sepuluh kompleks apartemen dibangun di atas batu kecil – sebuah labirin tinggi dihubungkan dengan halaman-halaman, koridor, dan tangga. Ada sekolah, restoran, dan game rumah, semua dikelilingi oleh tembok pelindung. Pulau ini dikenal sebagai “nashi Midori Shima,” pulau tanpa warna hijau. Tahun 50-an jumlah penduduk mencapai 6000 orang, ini merupakan pulau terpadat penduduknya di dunia pada masa itu.
Tapi tambang batu bara yang terus dikeruk hingga ke dasar laut, lama kelamaan habis dan pulau pun ditutup. Pulau yang tak memiliki tumbuhan hijau ini pun lama kelamaan mati. Lima puluh tahun kemudian, pulau ini mirip pulau hantu, apartemen2 mulai runtuh. Tahun 1974-2009, pulau ini dinyatakan tertutup dari pengunjung. Namun baru-baru ini muncul ketentuan baru, pulau unik ini dibuka untuk wisatawan. Pulau ini pun didaftarkan sebagai Situs Warisan Dunia Unesco.

Dubai’s Large-Scale Sand Art: Pulau Buatan Berbentuk Palem Raksasa

Emirat Dubai yang super kaya membangun sejumlah proyek spektakuler yakni pulau-pulau buatan di lepas pantai. Pekerjaan luar biasa yang mengagumkan dunia, menata pulau-pulau buatan itu seperti pohon palem raksasa.
Kepulauan ini menjadi proyek reklamasi tanah terbesar di dunia, juga kepulauan buatan terbesar di dunia. Pulau-pulau itu adalah Palm Jumeirah, Palm Jebel Ali dan Palm Deira.
Penciptanya adalah Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pariwisata di Dubai. Setiap pulau berbentuk pohon palem, diatapi sebuah sabit, dan akan dilengkapi dengan berbagai fasilitas yang membuat nyaman penduduknya. Palm Islands terletak di lepas pantai Uni Emirat Arab di Teluk Persia dan akan menambah 250 km pantai kota Dubai.
Dua pulau pertama akan dibangun dengan sekitar 100 juta meter kubik batu dan pasir. Palm Deira sekitar 1 milyar meter kubik batu dan pasir. Semua bahan berasal dari UEA. Di ketiga pulau tersebut akan dibangun lebih dari 100 hotel mewah, villa dan apartemen eksklusif tepi pantai, marina, taman hiburan air, restoran, pusat perbelanjaan, fasilitas olah raga dan spa kesehatan.
Pembangunan Palm Jumeirah dimulai sejak Juni 2001. Kemudian, Palm Jebel Ali diumumkan dan reklamasi dimulai. Palm Deira, yang direncanakan seluas 46.35 meter persegi dan perusahaan pembangun, Nakheel, mengklaim luasnya melebihi Paris, konstruksi dimulai tahun 2003. Pembangunan akan selesai untuk 10-15 tahun berikutnya.

Samosir: Pulau di Dalam Pulau

Samosir Island terletak di tengah Lake Toba, danau besar di pulau besar Sumatra, yang adalah sebagian Indonesia. Pulau meliputi sebanyak luas permukaan danau sewaktu dilakukan air. Tetapi adalah kebudayaan unik dan pemandangan idil bahwa sungguh membuat ini satu world’s kebanyakan pulau unik. Ada juga dua danau kecil di pulau.
Pulau Samosir adalah pulau di tengah Danau Toba di Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Pulau Samosir diyakini sebagai pulau terbesar dalam sebuah pulau. Luasnya 630 km2, hanya sedikit lebih kecil dari luas asli Singapura yang 714 km2.
Pulau Samosir tercipta sekitar 30.000 tahun yang lalu saat terjadi letusan dahsyat gunung api. Sedang danau Toba sendiri tercipta 75.000 tahun lalu yang juga akibat letusan gunung api. Selain pulau samosir, letusan gunung api juga menyebabkan munculnya semenanjung di daratan pulau sumatera yang kini menjadi kota kecil Prapat.

Spratly Islands: World’s Most Disputed Islands

Kepulauan Spratly merupakan rangkaian 650 pulau karang yang terletak di Laut Cina Selatan, antara Filipina dan Vietnam. The Spratlys, sebagaimana mereka disebut, adalah bagian dari tiga kepulauan di Laut Cina Selatan, terdiri dari lebih dari 30.000 pulau dan terumbu karang dan yang begitu merumitkan geografi, pemerintahan dan ekonomi di wilayah Asia Tenggara.
Belum jelas apa potensi kepulauan ini, namun sempat terdengar telah dilakukan survey awal dan hasilnya, kepulauan ini diindikasikan mengandung banyak minyak dan gas bumi.
Yang unik dari kepulauan ini adalah 45 pulau ditempati oleh sejumlah kecil pasukan militer dari berbagai Negara yakni Cina, Taiwan, Malaysia, Vietnam, Brunei.

Ellesmere Pulau Kecil yang Beku

Ellesmere adalah salah satu pulau di dunia yang suhunya mencapai titik beku. Tapi Pulau yang masuk wilayah Kanada ini, berada di sebelah barat Greenland ini merupakan alam yang tandus yang menjadi ‘laboratorium’ para pakar geologi dan pakar biologi yang sedang mempelajari perubahan alam.

Ometepe: Pulau Tertua di Dunia Terbentuk dari Gunung Api

Ometepe: adalah salah satu pulau paling tua di dunia. Terbentuk dari dua gunung api yang menyembul dari danau Nikaragua di Republik Nikaragua. Namanya berasal dari bahasa Nahuatl kata ome (dua) dan tepetl (pegunungan), yang berarti dua gunung. Dua gunung api itu adalah Concepción and Maderas . Meski ini merupakan pulau gunung api yang berbahaya, namun ada penduduk tinggal di sana, yang jumlahnya sekitar 35.000 jiwa. Mata pencarian penduduk utamanya pertanian, beternak. Daerah ini juga masuk dalam areal pariwisata.

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TOP MODERN TANK

19.53 |

The M1 Abrams is a third-generation main battle tank produced in the United States. It is named after General Creighton Abrams, former Army Chief of Staff and Commander of US military forces in Vietnam from 1968 to 1972. Highly mobile, designed for modern armored ground warfare, the M1 is well armed and heavily armored. Notable features include the use of a powerful gas turbine engine (multifuel capable, usually fueled with JP8 jet fuel), the adoption of sophisticated composite armor, and separate ammunition storage in a blow-out compartment for crew safety. Weighing nearly 68 short tons (almost 62 metric tons), it is one of the heaviest main battle tanks in service.

The M1 Abrams entered U.S. service in 1980, replacing the M60 tank. It served for over a decade alongside the improved M60A3, which had entered service in 1978. The M1 remains the principal main battle tank of the United States Army and Marine Corps, and the armies of Egypt, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Australia, and Iraq.

Three main versions of the M1 Abrams have been deployed, the M1, M1A1, and M1A2, incorporating improved armament, protection and electronics. These improvements, as well as periodic upgrades to older tanks, have allowed this long-serving vehicle to remain in front-line service. The M1A3 is currently under development.

The M1A2 was a further improvement of the M1A1 with a commander's independent thermal viewer, weapon station, position navigation equipment, and a full set of controls and displays linked by a digital data bus. These upgrades also provided the M1A2 with an improved fire control system. The M1A2 System Enhancement Package (SEP) added digital maps, FBCB2 capabilities, and an improved cooling system to compensate for heat generated by the additional computer systems. The M1A2 SEP also serves as the basis for the M104 Wolverine heavy assault bridge.

Further upgrades included depleted uranium armor for all variants, a system overhaul that returns all A1s to like-new condition (M1A1 AIM), a digital enhancement package for the A1 (M1A1D), and a commonality program to standardize parts between the U.S. Army and the Marine Corps (M1A1HC).

The FV4034 Challenger 2 is a British main battle tank (MBT) currently in service with the armies of the United Kingdom and Oman. It was designed and built by the British company Vickers Defence Systems (now known as BAE Systems Land and Armaments).

Challenger 2 is an extensive redesign of the Challenger 1. Fewer than 5% of components are interchangeable, although the hull and automotive components, namely the powerpack seem similar, they are of a newer design and build to that of Challenger 1. Challenger 2 replaced Challenger 1 in service with the British Army and is also used by the Royal Army of Oman. It has seen operational service in Bosnia, Kosovo and Iraq.

Challenger 2 is equipped with a 120 millimetres (4.7 in) 55 calibre long L30A1 tank gun, the successor to the L11 gun used on Chieftain and Challenger 1. The gun is made from high strength Electro Slag Remelting (ESR) steel with a chromium alloy lining and, like earlier British 120 mm guns, it is insulated by a thermal sleeve. It is fitted with a muzzle reference system and fume extractor, and is controlled by an all-electric control and stabilization system. The turret has a rotation time of 9 seconds through 360 degrees.

The Challenger 2 is also armed with a L94A1 EX-34 7.62 mm chain gun coaxially to the left of the main gun, and a 7.62 mm L37A2 (GPMG) machine gun mounted on a pintle on the loader's hatch ring. 4,200 rounds of 7.62 mm ammunition are carried.

The T-90 is a Russian third-generation main battle tank that is a modernisation of the T-72 (it was originally to be called the T-72BU, later renamed to T-90). It is currently the most modern tank in service with the Russian Ground Forces and Naval Infantry. Although a development of the T-72, the T-90 uses a 125mm 2A46 smoothbore tank gun, 1G46 gunner sights, a new engine, and thermal sights. Standard protective measures include a blend of steel, composite armour, and Kontakt-5explosive-reactive armor, laser warning receivers, Nakidka camouflage and the Shtora infrared ATGM jamming system. The EMT-7 electromagnetic pulse (EMP) creator is used in testing but not fitted to T-90s in active service. It is designed and built by Uralvagonzavod, in Nizhny Tagil, Russia. From 2011, the Russian armed forces have ceased ordering the T-90, and are instead waiting for the development of the Universal Combat Platform T-99 that is expected to enter service in 2020.

The Leopard 2A7 is a main battle tank developed by Krauss-Maffei in the early 1970s for the West German Army. The tank first entered service in 1979 and succeeded the earlier Leopard 1 as the main battle tank of the German Army. Various versions have served in the armed forces of Germany and twelve other European countries, as well as several non-European nations. More than 3,480 Leopard 2s have been manufactured. The Leopard 2 first saw combat in Kosovo with the German Army and has also seen action in Afghanistan with the Danish and Canadian contributions to the International Security Assistance Force.

There are two main development batches of the tank, the original models up to Leopard 2A4 which have vertically-faced turret armour, and the "improved" batch, namely the Leopard 2A5 and newer versions, which have angled arrow-shaped turret appliqué armour together with a number of other improvements. All models feature digital fire control systems with laser range finders, a fully stabilized main gun and coaxial machine gun, and advanced night vision and sighting equipment (first vehicles used a low-light level TV system or LLLTV; thermal imaging was introduced later on). The tank has the ability to engage moving targets while moving over rough terrain.

The Merkava Mk.IV (Chariot) is a main battle tank used by the Israel Defense Forces. The tank began development in 1973 and entered official service in 1978. Four main versions of the tank have been deployed. It was first used extensively in the 1982 Lebanon War. The name "Merkava" was derived from the IDF's initial development program name.

It is designed for rapid repair of battle damage, survivability, cost-effectiveness and off-road performance. Following the model of contemporary self-propelled howitzers, the turret assembly is located nearer the rear than in most main battle tanks. With the engine in front, this layout gives additional protection against a frontal attack, especially for the personnel in the main hull, like the driver. It also creates more space in the rear of the tank that allows increased storage capacity, as well as a rear entrance to the main crew compartment allowing easy access under enemy fire. This allows the tank to be used as a platform for medical disembarkation, a forward command and control station, and an armoured personnel carrier. The rear entrance's clamshell-style doors provide overhead protection when off- and on-loading cargo and personnel.

It was reportedly decided shortly before the beginning of the 2006 Lebanon War that the Merkava line would be discontinued within four years. However, on 7 November 2006, Haaretz reported that an Israeli General Staff assessment had ruled of the Merkava Mark IV that "if properly deployed, the tank can provide its crew with better protection than in the past," and deferred the decision on discontinuing the line.The Mark IV is the most recent upgrade of the Merkava tank and has been in development since 1999. The upgrade's development was announced in an October 1999 edition of the Bamachaneh ("At the Camp") military publication. However, new Merkava Mark IIIs continued to be produced until 2003. The first Merkava IVs were in production in limited numbers by the end of 2004.

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